APA 6th & 7th Editions
(*** Please view this What's Changed? summary for differences from 6th to 7th edition)
The APA citation style is primarily used by disciplines in the business, social sciences, health, and education fields. The official guide is published by the American Psychological Association:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Edition
The official handbook for APA style.
There are several resources online to help you with APA 7th Edition:
- Purdue OWL Guide to APA 7th Edition
"These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster."
- APA Style Blog
The official blog for the 7th edition, answering and clarifying questions about APA.
The main navigation links will show you how to set up your paper in APA format, and how to properly cite a variety of resources, both in your references list and within your paper using in-text citations.
- APA Style
APA Style is used by writers in many disciplines around the world for concise, powerful, and persuasive scholarly communication.
The information below references APA 6th Edition:
Papers in APA style 6th Edition should follow these guidelines:
- typed
- double-spaced
- 1" margins on all sides
- 12 pt. Times New Roman font
- page header (also known as the "running head") at the top of every page
- For instructions on inserting the running head please visit the Purdue OWL
APA Major Paper Sections:
- Title Page
- Abstract
- Main Body
- References
For further instructions please visit the Purdue OWL
APA In-Text Citations:
APA In-Test Citation: Citing Author(s)
APA Reference List:
APA Reference List Basic Rules
Links go to the Purdue Owl
APA 6th Edition In-Text Examples
Quotations:
Rule:
At the end of a direct quotation, you will need to include the last name of the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference, preceded by "p.", in parenthesis with commas in between each piece of information.
Example:
"Quotation" (Bailey, 2015, p. 25).
Paraphrases/Summaries:
Rule:
At the end of a section you have paraphrased or summarized include the last name of the author and year of publication in your in-text reference in parenthesis with commas in between each piece of information. (APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number, although it is not required.)
Example:
Paraphrase (Bailey, 2015).
APA 6th Edition References Examples
Book:
Formula:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Bailey, R. (2015). The end of doom: Environmental renewal in the twenty-first century. New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press.
ebook:
Formula for Downloaded ebook:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book. [Reader version]. doi or Retrieved from URL
Formula for Online ebook:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book. doi or Retrieved from URL
Example for for Downloaded ebook:
Gombatz, E. (2008). Global warming series: Global warming big book. [Kindle DX version] Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com
Example for Online ebook:
Gombatz, E. (2008). Global warming series: Global warming big book. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/charlesouth/detail.action?docID=10561793
Print Journal:
Formula:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
Example:
Sejrup, H. P., Clark, C. D., & Hjelstuen, B. O. (2016). Rapid ice sheet retreat triggered by ice stream debuttressing: Evidence from the North Sea. Geology, 44(5), 355-358.
Online Journal:
Formula:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. doi:0000000/000000000000
Example:
Qu, X., & Huang, G. (2016). The global warming-induced south asian high change and Its uncertainty. Journal Of Climate, 29(6), 2259-2273. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0638.1
Note: If no doi # is available then replace with "Retrieved from URL"
References
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). APA style. Retrieved from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/